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Safety requirements for scaffolding. - 1910.28
OSHA regulations
1910.28(a)
"General requirements for all scaffolds."
1910.28(a)(1)
Scaffolds shall be furnished and erected in accordance with this standard for persons engaged in work that cannot be done safely from the ground or from solid construction, except that ladders used for such work shall conform to 1910.25 and 1910.26.
1910.28(a)(2)
The footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement. Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes, loose brick, or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolds or planks.
1910.28(a)(3)
[Reserved]
1910.28(a)(4)
Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting without failure at least four times the maximum intended load.
1910.28(a)(5)
Scaffolds and other devices mentioned or described in this section shall be maintained in safe condition. Scaffolds shall not be altered or moved horizontally while they are in use or occupied.
..1910.28(a)(6)
1910.28(a)(6)
Any scaffold damaged or weakened from any cause shall be immediately repaired and shall not be used until repairs have been completed.
1910.28(a)(7)
Scaffolds shall not be loaded in excess of the working load for which they are intended.
1910.28(a)(8)
All load-carrying timber members of scaffold framing shall be a minimum of 1,500 f. (Stress Grade) construction grade lumber. All dimensions are nominal sizes as provided in the American Lumber Standards, except that where rough sizes are noted, only rough and undressed lumber or the size specified will satisfy minimum requirements. (Note: Where nominal sizes of lumber are used in place of rough sizes, the nominal size lumber shall be such as to provide equivalent strength to that specified in tables D-7 through D-12 and D-16.
1910.28(a)(9)
All planking shall be Scaffold Grade as recognized by grading rules for the species of wood used. The maximum permissible spans for 2- X 9-inch or wider planks are shown in the following table:
_______________________________________________________________
| Material
|________________________________
| |
| Full thickness | Nominal
| undressed lumber | thickness
|__________________| lumber
| | | |_____________
______________________________|_____|_____|______|______|______
| | | | |
Working load (p.s.f.).........| 25 | 50 | 75 | 25 | 50
Permissible span (ft.)........| 10 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 9
______________________________|_____|_____|______|______|______
The maximum permissible span for 1 1/4 x 9-inch or wider plank of full thickness is 4 feet with medium loading of 50 p.s.f.
1910.28(a)(10)
Nails or bolts used in the construction of scaffolds shall be of adequate size and in sufficient numbers at each connection to develop the designed strength of the scaffold. Nails shall not be subjected to a straight pull and shall be driven full length.
..1910.28(a)(11)
1910.28(a)(11)
All planking or platforms shall be overlapped (minimum 12 inches) or secured from movement.
1910.28(a)(12)
An access ladder or equivalent safe access shall be provided.
1910.28(a)(13)
Scaffold planks shall extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches.
1910.28(a)(14)
The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds shall be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement.
1910.28(a)(15)
Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold shall have a tag line.
1910.28(a)(16)
Overhead protection shall be provided for men on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.
1910.28(a)(17)
Scaffolds shall be provided with a screen between the toeboard and the guardrail, extending along the entire opening, consisting of No. 18 gauge U.S. Standard Wire one-half-inch mesh or the equivalent, where persons are required to work or pass under the scaffolds.
1910.28(a)(18)
Employees shall not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds.
..1910.28(a)(19)
1910.28(a)(19)
Employees shall not work on scaffolds which are covered with ice or snow, unless all ice or snow is removed and planking sanded to prevent slipping.
1910.28(a)(20)
Tools, materials, and debris shall not be allowed to accumulate in quantities to cause a hazard.
1910.28(a)(21)
Only treated or protected fiber rope shall be used for or near any work involving the use of corrosive substances or chemicals.
1910.28(a)(22)
Wire or fiber rope used for scaffold suspension shall be capable of supporting at least six times the intended load.
1910.28(a)(23)
When acid solutions are used for cleaning buildings over 50 feet in height, wire rope supported scaffolds shall be used.
1910.28(a)(24)
The use of shore scaffolds or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited.
1910.28(a)(25)
Lumber sizes, when used in this section, refer to nominal sizes except where otherwise stated.
1910.28(a)(26)
Scaffolds shall be secured to permanent structures, through use of anchor bolts, reveal bolts, or other equivalent means. Window cleaners' anchor bolts shall not be used.
..1910.28(a)(27)
1910.28(a)(27)
Special precautions shall be taken to protect scaffold members, including any wire or fiber ropes, when using a heat-producing process.
1910.28(b)
"General requirements for wood pole scaffolds."
1910.28(b)(1)
Scaffold poles shall bear on a foundation of sufficient size and strength to spread the load from the poles over a sufficient area to prevent settlement. All poles shall be set plumb.
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